The History of Sydney



The Aborigines have been in Australia for over 20,000 years. There is the Eora Display at the Sydney Museum which gives a great interpretation of the Aborigine Culture. Captain James Cook visited Botany Bay in April 1770. And in January, 1787, the British raised their flag at Circular Quay and this date is known as Australia Day. Convict labourers were brought to Australia from England as punishment, and they served out their sentences after several years and then were granted the honour of free men of Australia. Convict Transportation ceased in 1840 and many people were relieved to rid themselves of the convict label that suppressed their standing in Sydney’s new society. Hyde Park Barracks houses the ghosts of previous convicts to this country and has a history museum alongside it.

The Governor of Australia, Lachlan Macquarie was governor in 1810 and he is responsible for a lot of the 19th century architecture around the city. The convict architect, Francis Greenway designed a lot of the present day buildings, and also places like Hyde Park Barracks, and St. James Church. Due to over spending, Macquarie was forced to return to England.

A Gold Rush in around the western town of Bathurst lead to thousands of diggers arriving here by ship in the 1850s. Many eventually settled here permanently. Other mines discovered were found in Victoria and this persuaded many to up sticks and move to Victoria at the time. This also did not last long. In the 1850s, new buildings like the Australian Museum were built as well as the construction of the Sydney to Parramatta train line.

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